Levels of access to «reality»: Ricardo Sánchez Ortiz de Urbina and a new philosophy

Abstract

The article examines Ricardo Sánchez Ortiz de Urbina’s Estromatología as a materialist renewal of phenomenology and a decisive contribution to contemporary philosophy. It explains the articulation between the scala naturae and the phenomenological scale, together with a matrix comprising three levels—upper, intermediate, and lower—and three poles: subjective, objective, and hyletic. This structure explains the constitution of meaning through transpositions, resonances, and passive syntheses. The study connects this proposal with Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, Richir, Simondon, quantum physics, mathematics, and philosophical materialism. It also examines time, space, intentionality, affects, art, and phantasía. Finally, it characterizes its operation as a «functional dialectic» that broadens gnoseological constructivism and recovers an original phenomenological experience preceding natural experience and free from idealism.