Resumo
El método de aislamiento teorético es una forma de
experimento mental que se utiliza con el objetivo de separar
la contribución causal de un mecanismo de un conjunto de
factores perturbadores. Dicho método ha resultado ser
exitoso en disciplinas como la física. Sin embargo, este no
parece ser el caso de la economía. Cartwright (2009) asevera
que dichos experimentos no funcionan en la economía
debido al escaso número de principios que esta posee.
Como consecuencia de ello, la autora concluye que los
modelos económicos sólo nos brindarán información
restringida a dominios muy específicos, rara vez
extrapolable al mundo real. Un argumento alternativo es
ofrecido en el presente trabajo. Específicamente, se
argumentará que los aislamientos teoréticos no funcionan en
disciplinas sociales como la economía simplemente porque
estas responden a la lógica del “árbol de posibilidades” más
que a una lógica mecanicista. Adicionalmente, se sostendrá
que los modelos sí pueden proporcionarnos información
extrapolable, en la medida en que las restricciones que
figuran en éste sean tomadas como condiciones a ser
cumplidas en el mundo real.
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