Résumé
Le mythe est l'expression de la relation complexe que les êtres humains établissent avec l'univers, les dieux, la nature, eux-mêmes et les autres. Dans ce cadre, la compréhension du mal et la réflexion sur la manière d'y faire face constituent des éléments centraux dans la formation des systèmes de valeurs individuels et collectifs. Les mythes de la Grèce antique offrent un répertoire significatif à cet égard. Cette étude examine ces mythes en relation avec les concepts du mal, du crime, du péché et de la punition, en abordant à la fois leur signification et les principes qui façonnent l’expression du mal, ainsi que les types de punition qui y sont associés. Dans ce contexte, des notions telles que l’hubris, l’ā́tē, le miasma, la Moira, l’Ananke, l’eusebeia, la mania, la timé et l’elpis sont analysées. En outre, l'étude explore la symétrie entre le mal et la punition qui structure la logique punitive, y compris l'éthique de la vengeance, la loi du débiteur et du créancier, la punition cyclique et la métamorphose. Enfin, elle soutient que ces récits remplissent des fonctions culturelles fondamentales en permettant aux individus de comprendre le cosmos, de définir leurs obligations et de donner un sens à la vie et à la mort, tout en révélant la continuité entre le logos mythique et philosophique.
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