Abstract
If the philosopher Antonio Escohotado confessed that, while reviewing the economic history of the West while writing The Enemies of Commerce, he had unexpectedly discovered that the decisive factor was neither the Christianization of Rome nor the barbarian invasions, but rather the remuneration or non-remuneration of labor, and, no less unexpectedly, that the flourishing of communism always coincided with periods of prosperity, likewise, while writing the volumes of Beyond Empires and Nations, Pérez Herranz discovered something he had not initially anticipated: the true thread of European history is not Christianity, but Gnosticism. And he dedicates the core of the fourth volume of his ambitious tetralogy, a non-nationalist historical reflection on Europe, from the First Crusade to the present day, to demonstrating this driving idea.
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