Abstract
After the events that take place in 1492, to the shock of some and the suffering of others, the papacy grants Portugal and Spain, by the Treaty of Tordesillas, a privileged position with respect to the lands that both nations have discovered, which will create important resentments. in other European nations. The author spoke during the first two volumes of Beyond Empires and Nations with his foreign friends: Pieter, Dutch, Gilles, French, and Iris, English, about whether «Spain is different» or is a nation like the others on the continent. European. The third volume focuses on investigating how Hispanic subjectivity was formed in the centuries that opened Modernity.

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