The evolution of the concept of gene: Biology, ideology and sociobiology

Abstract

In this essay, I will try to explain how the concept of the gene has been formed, the journey that has led to it and the ontological status that can be attributed to it today. First, it will be necessary to explain, even briefly, the scientific origin of the concept, in order to later be able to account for its subsequent developments. On this path we will find the influence of various elements, from the instrumental and conceptual evolution of biology to ideologies and political interests. I think I can divide this development into three parts: a) a first referring to the scientific origin of the concept; b) a second that we will characterize as ideological, and c) a third led by sociobiology.