La biopolitique de l'immigration dans le contexte européen contemporain

Abstract

From the second half of the 1970’s onwards, Michel Foucault move his attention in relation to the question of power. In contrast to his initial studies, in which the subject of his analysis is the microphysics of power (a power that manages the individual through the mechanization of gestures and bodies), the Foucault’s interest, over time, turns to a type of political action completely different or at least more extensive. It is the bio-power, a type the power that, in addition to the concentration on the individual aspect, directs its mecanisms to the multiplicity, to the population administration. And the multiplicity is une population of species-body, i.e. of bodies submitted to biological processes that are common to all animals : the natality, the mortality, the sexual reproduction. Therefore, the biopolitical activity has a purpose (the population management) and a tool (the biological processes to which the men are submitted). The bio-power, thus, aims to manage the typical processes of life. By means of the life, it is possible to administer a number of populational movements : the population growth and the health levy, for example. In this way, the government can establish a safety margin of economic-demographic and prospections that will guide the better political action. Thereby, this work researches the new biopolitical mecanisms used in gouvenment acts regardind the European migrant crisis that happens in the present.