Ontología del hombre y deconstrucción: Heidegger, Sartre / Derrida, Sloterdijk

Abstract

I interpret “Being and Time” and “Letter on Humanism” by Heidegger and “Being and Nothing” and “Existentialism is a Humanism” by Sartre, as an attempt to response Kant’s fourth question “What is man?” By means of the use of the Husserlian phenomenology, Heidegger tries to offer the first Ontology of Man over the whole history of Philosophy. Sartre follows his directions, and both, with discrepancies, have elaborated a phenomenological ontology about man, completed and finished, versus the uncompleted and unfinished ontology about the Being in general. Heidegger calls “phenomenological destruction of the ontology history” to the inversion of the order of hierarchization of “Being and Time”. So, Derrida makes the centre of his theory of “The Deconstruction” of the inversion of the order of hierarchization of paired terms. Thereby, Derrida, who has received Heidegger’s influence, projects light retrospectively over the Heideggerian destruction. This is shown, not only on the inversion of hierarchization order of “Being and Time” on “Time and Being”, (the question of the second part of “Sein und Zeit”), but also on the inversion of hierarchization order of “Man and Being” on “Being and Man”, which is produced by what is called “Kehre” or turn of Heidegger’s thought in “Letter on Humanism”. I interpret Sloterdijk’s opuscule “Rules for the Human Zoo”, which is a response to Heidegger’s “Letter on Humanism”, as an outline of man’s ontology, derived from the deconstruction, as the antithesis of “antibiologism” and man’s sacredness, both present in Heidegger and in a different way in Sartre.